Updated
The rule in every style
- Find the original if you can. Instructors prefer it, and the quotation may read differently in context.
- Name the original author in your sentence.
- Cite the source you read in parentheses or the note, with the indirect phrase.
- List only the source you read in Works Cited or References.
In each style, made by the formatter
Suppose Walker’s book quotes a researcher on page 112, and you have read only Walker:
MLA 9: qtd. in
(qtd. in Walker 112)
APA 7: as cited in
(as cited in Walker, 2017, p. 112)
Chicago 18 note: quoted in
Quoted in Walker, Why We Sleep, 112.
Chicago author-date
(quoted in Walker 2017, 112)
Harvard: cited in
(cited in Walker, 2017, p. 112)
In Format, type “qtd. in” before the page when you press Cite, and the app writes the right phrase for the paper’s style.
Details by style
- MLA 9: “qtd. in” for quotations. For a paraphrase of an idea reported in another source, many writers say so in the sentence instead.
- APA 7 (8.6): in the text, name the original work with its year if known: Smith’s study (1998, as cited in Walker, 2017). Only Walker goes in References.
- Chicago 18: the note can name both: the original, then “quoted in” and the source you read. Chicago discourages this unless the original is unavailable.
Questions
Do I list the original source in Works Cited?
No. List only the source you read.
Is “as cited in” only for quotations?
In APA, it covers ideas and quotations alike.
Can I use “qtd. in” in APA?
No. APA writes “as cited in”; MLA writes “qtd. in.”